What is Icelandic even?

If you’re planning a trip to Iceland, one of the first questions you might ask yourself is: what language do they speak in Iceland? The short answer is Icelandic. But like so many things about this unique island in the North Atlantic, the real story is far more fascinating. Icelandic is one of the world’s oldest living languages, with roots stretching back to the Viking Age, and yet, almost everyone you’ll meet in Iceland also speaks fluent English.

In this guide, we’ll explore Iceland’s linguistic landscape: from the history and quirks of the Icelandic language, to the everyday reality of English as a second language, to how you can make the most of your travels without worrying about communication barriers. We’ll also give you practical advice for road trips, cultural experiences, and tips on how to show respect for local language and traditions while exploring Iceland.

Icelandic: the official language of Iceland

A Viking legacy

Icelandic is the official language of Iceland, and it is remarkably close to Old Norse, the language spoken by the Vikings who settled the island in the 9th century. Unlike many European languages, Icelandic has changed very little over the centuries. This means that modern Icelanders can still read the medieval sagas written hundreds of years ago without too much difficulty—an extraordinary cultural link to the past.

Language purity

One of the most fascinating aspects of Icelandic is the country’s dedication to preserving it. Instead of borrowing foreign words, Iceland often creates new ones by combining existing Icelandic terms. For example, the word for computer, tölva, literally means “numbers prophet.” This creative approach keeps the language unique and deeply tied to national identity.

The alphabet

The Icelandic alphabet has 32 letters, including some characters that don’t exist in English. For example:

Þ (thorn) – pronounced like the “th” in “thing.”

Ð (eth) – pronounced like the “th” in “this.”

Æ – pronounced like “eye.”

Ö – similar to the German “ö.”

For travellers, pronunciation can be challenging, but don’t worry—locals are used to visitors stumbling over names like Eyjafjallajökull - Here you can see a hilarious video of newscasters trying, badly, to pronounce it:
 

Do Icelanders speak English?

The good news for travellers is: yes, almost everyone in Iceland speaks English, and often at a very high level. English is taught from a young age in schools, and exposure to international media, films, and tourism has made it second nature. In Reykjavík, tourist towns, and even remote villages, you’ll find English speakers at hotels, gas stations, restaurants, and attractions.

If you’re still wondering whether you can get by with just English, the answer is a definite yes. For a deeper look at this question, see our detailed guide: Can I speak English in Iceland?.

Other languages spoken in Iceland

While Icelandic and English dominate, you may also encounter:

Danish – A legacy of Iceland’s history as part of the Danish kingdom until 1944. Danish is taught in schools, though younger generations often prefer English.

Other Scandinavian languages – Norwegians and Swedes can sometimes understand Icelandic words, but the languages are not mutually intelligible.

Polish – Poland is the largest immigrant group in Iceland, so you may hear Polish spoken in workplaces and communities.

German, French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese – Increasingly common in tourism-related businesses due to the diversity of visitors.

Why language matters when travelling in Iceland

Reading signs and directions

Road signs in Iceland are written in Icelandic, but they’re straightforward and easy to understand. For example, vegur means road, fjall means mountain, and jökull means glacier. With a little practice, you’ll quickly recognize key terms.

Ordering food

Menus are often available in English, especially in Reykjavík and larger towns. In rural areas, you might find Icelandic-only menus, but staff will happily translate or recommend dishes.

Road trips and place names

Iceland’s place names can be long and intimidating. Understanding a few basics helps:

Foss = waterfall (Gullfoss, Skógafoss)

Vatn = lake (Mývatn)

Jökull = glacier (Vatnajökull)

Hraun = lava (Eldhraun)

Knowing these words not only helps you navigate but also adds depth to your journey.

How to show respect for the Icelandic language

Even though you can easily get by in English, locals appreciate it when visitors make an effort with Icelandic. Here are a few simple phrases:

Halló – Hello

Takk – Thank you

Já / Nei – Yes / No

Góðan daginn – Good day / Good morning

Bless – Goodbye

You don’t need to be fluent, but using a word or two shows respect for the culture and often earns a smile - Also, do not bother with Duolingo, its it not there for Icelandic... sad owl noises. See here on Reddit.

The role of language in Icelandic culture

Language isn’t just a tool for communication in Iceland; it’s a central pillar of national identity. The Icelandic sagas, written in the 12th and 13th centuries, are considered world literary treasures. Modern Iceland continues to celebrate literature with events like the Reykjavík International Literary Festival.

Icelanders also have a strong tradition of naming. Every person’s surname is derived from their father’s or mother’s first name, followed by “-son” or “-dóttir.” This patronymic system keeps the language alive in daily life.

Travelling Iceland with language in mind

Renting a car and road safety

If you plan to explore Iceland’s natural wonders, renting a car is the best option. While GPS and apps can guide you, it’s smart to familiarize yourself with Icelandic road terms. Zero Car Rental offers vehicles equipped with everything you need for safe and stress-free driving, plus unlimited mileage and roadside assistance included.

For rugged adventures in the highlands or during winter, a 4x4 rental in Iceland gives you the power and security needed on challenging roads. If you’re staying around Reykjavík or driving the Golden Circle, compact options are also available, ideal for city and day trips.

And if you’re landing at Keflavík International Airport, you can collect your car straight from the Zero Car KEF Airport office, open 24/7 with staff always on hand to assist. This makes the start of your Icelandic road trip as smooth as possible.

Icelandic in the digital age

Despite being spoken by only around 400,000 people, Icelandic is thriving in the digital age. The government invests in technology to ensure the language keeps up with AI, apps, and digital platforms. You’ll find Icelandic on social media, video games, and online services.

At the same time, English remains dominant in global culture, so Icelanders balance both with ease.

Common traveller questions about language in Iceland

Is Icelandic hard to learn?
Yes, for English speakers it’s considered difficult due to complex grammar and unique sounds. But learning a few key words is enough for travellers.

Can you live in Iceland with just English?
For short visits, absolutely. For long-term stays, learning Icelandic is expected and helps with integration.

Do road trip apps and maps work in English?
Yes. Most GPS systems and apps like Google Maps display names in Icelandic but directions in English.

Do children in Iceland speak English?
Yes. English is taught in schools, and many children learn from media at an early age.

Is it rude to only speak English?
Not at all. Locals are used to visitors speaking English, but showing effort with a few Icelandic phrases is appreciated.

Final thoughts

So, what language do they speak in Iceland? The answer is primarily Icelandic, one of the world’s most fascinating and historic languages. But thanks to widespread English fluency, travellers can navigate the country with ease.

Whether you’re reading road signs, ordering a meal, or chatting with locals, communication is rarely a problem. Still, taking time to learn a few Icelandic words enriches your experience and shows respect for the culture.

For a practical look at how English fits into daily life, don’t miss our guide: Can I speak English in Iceland?.

As you plan your adventure, remember that language is just one part of the journey. Renting a reliable car, driving Iceland’s roads safely, and immersing yourself in the stunning landscapes are equally important. With Zero Car’s Iceland car rental options, you can explore the island stress-free, knowing you’re fully covered and supported every step of the way.